Dual-Core Module for LoRaWAN® with WiFi & BLE

What Is RAK11160 ESP32 + STM32WL Module?

RAK11160 is a dual-core, low-power module for LoRaWAN that combines the STM32WLE5 LoRa controller with an ESP32-C2 chip for WiFi and BLE connectivity. This unique architecture is designed for IoT applications requiring long-range wireless communication and occasional high-bandwidth tasks like MQTT forwarding or OTA updates.

The RAK11160 supports two development modes:

1. Standalone: Program STM32WL using RAK’s RUI3 SDK for sensor reading and LoRaWAN operation.
2. Dual-mode: Use STM32WL module for LoRaWAN, and wake ESP32 when WiFi/MQTT/BLE functions are needed. Data flow and logic can be managed with custom firmware.
   

For better frequency stability over the temperature range, the STM32WLE is using a TCXO for the clock generation. 

Why You Need RAK11160 ESP32 + STM32WL Module

Build smarter, longer-lasting IoT devices with the RAK11160. Thanks to its ultra-low power control and dual wireless technologies, it's perfect for applications like battery-powered sensors, remote data logging, and asset tracking where energy efficiency and flexibility are critical.

Why it's useful:

1. Save battery life – ESP32 fully powers down when not needed
2. Connect anywhere easily – LoRaWAN, WiFi, BLE, and P2P all in one module
3. Store data safely – Built-in memory ensures no loss during offline periods
4. Simplify your IoT design – Compact size fits into almost any project

Key Features of RAK11160 ESP32 + STM32WL Module

• Dual MCU Architecture: STM32WLE5 (LoRa) + ESP32-C2 (WiFi/BLE)
• STM32WLE5 LoRa transceiver with TCXO for high frequency stability
• ESP32 LoRa Low Power: Deep power-off mode (~1 µA) when inactive
• LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Class A/B/C compliant
• Supports LoRaWAN and LoRa P2P
• MQTT/HTTP capability via ESP32 with cloud forwarding
• BLE/WiFi scanning for location services or setup
• Smart Power Control: STM32 controls ESP32 via EN pin
• Compact Form Factor: 15 mm x 23 mm x 3 mm, Stamp Pad SMT design
• Supply voltage: 3.0 ~ 3.6 V
• Operating temperature: -40 °C to +85 °C
• Frequency range: 150 MHz to 960 MHz
• Flash/RAM: STM32WLE5 (256 KB Flash / 64 KB RAM), ESP32-C2 (2 MB Flash)
• Interface: UART, I2C, SPI, GPIO
• Development with RUI3 SDK for STM32 and ESP-IDF or Arduino for ESP32
• Ideal for: Low-power MQTT sensor nodes, location-aware trackers, OTA-enabled smart devices
• Supported LoRaWAN bands: EU868, US915, AU915, AS923, IN865, CN470, and more
• LBT support for AS923-1 (Japan)

Key Benefits of RAK11160 ESP32 + STM32WL Module

Unlock ultra-efficient IoT designs through smart power control, flexible connectivity, and reliable local storage. Supports battery-powered devices with extended operational life and continuous data integrity.

• Save more energy: ESP32 powers off fully when WiFi or BLE are not in use
• Collect and forward data: LoRaWAN for long-range, WiFi/BLE for fast cloud updates
• Handle remote conditions: Onboard memory stores sensor data even  during network outages

Use Case #1

When farms need remote monitoring without daily maintenance, RAK11160 enables battery-powered sensor nodes that log and send vital data over LoRaWAN, ensuring operational efficiency with minimal power consumption.

Use Case #2

Deployed deep in a forest or out on a moving vehicle, a battery-powered ESP32 LoRa gateway utilizing the RAK11160 acts as a roaming uplink, relaying data from local sensors over LoRaWAN, and powering down to conserve energy until the next cycle.

Comparison Table: RAK3172, RAK11160, and RAK3112

What’s in the Box

• 1 pc RAK11160

How to Get Started with RAK11160 ESP32 + STM32WL Module

• RAK11160 WisDuo LPWAN + BLE + Wi-Fi Module Quick Start Guide
  
• RAK11160 WisDuo LPWAN+BLE+Wi-Fi Module AT Command Manual
• RAK11160 WisDuo LPWAN+BLE+Wi-Fi Module Datasheet
  

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does the RAK11160 use two MCUs instead of one?

The STM32WL manages LoRaWAN communication and energy efficiency, while the ESP32-C2 handles WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity. This smart power separation keeps energy use ultra-low—allowing the ESP32 to remain powered off until it's required, helping battery-powered devices last much longer.

How do I start developing with the RAK11160?

First, install the Arduino IDE from the official website (not from Microsoft Store). Then, add the RAKwireless RUI3 SDK via the Board Manager using: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RAKWireless/RAKwireless-Arduino-BSP-Index/main/package_rakwireless.com_rui_index.json 

Write programs using the RUI3 APIs for the STM32WL and standard Arduino libraries for the ESP32-C2. Learn more.

What firmware does the RAK11160 use?

The RAK11160 is based on the RAKwireless Unified Interface 3 (RUI3) firmware. It lets you program the module directly without needing another microcontroller. You can also send AT commands through UART if you prefer to control it externally.

Why is antenna connection important for the RAK11160?

The RAK11160 uses special IPEX MHF4 connectors for external antennas. Operating without an antenna can permanently damage the LoRa, WiFi, or BLE radios. Always connect the correct antenna before powering the device. If you’re using a version without an IPEX connector, use the RF pinouts for custom antenna setups.

How do I upload custom firmware to the RAK11160?

To upload custom firmware:

1. Connect a USB to UART adapter between your computer and the RAK11160.
   
2. Open Arduino IDE and select the correct RAK STM32 board.
   
3. Write your sketch using RUI3 APIs or Arduino C.
   
4. Click Upload to flash the firmware via UART.
   

Alternatively, you can also update firmware wirelessly using BLE if supported in your setup. Learn more.

What is the best way to use the dual-core design for power saving?

Program the STM32WL to handle regular LoRa tasks (like sending sensor data), and only wake the ESP32 when you need WiFi or BLE (like for a cloud sync). After completing the task, disable the ESP32 again using the EN pin control managed by the STM32WL firmware. This method keeps power use near 1 µA during sleep!